| 2014-06-30 中国应该加快武器出口
最近看到一则消息,中国的武器出口在2013年为世界第五,这是中国完全错误的方针所导致的,中国的贸易出口世界第一,为何武器出口不能做到第一,必须想做其他
贸易一样做武器出口,把中国的武器卖到世界各地,美国人能做,中国也要做!并且,要加快这个进程,要在美国不希望的地方卖武器,美国人能搞亚太再平衡,中国要搞武器
全球卖!要把武器卖到美国的对手的手里,因为事实证明,对付美国人任何仁慈都会被认为软弱!中国已经吃了太多的亏了!
Top 10 weapon exporting countries 2013
The five largest suppliers of major conventional weapons during the
five-year period 2008–12 were the United States (30 per cent of
global arms exports), Russia (26 per cent), Germany (7 per cent), France (6
per cent) and China (5 per cent). This is the first time
that the UK has not been in the top five since at least 1950, the earliest
year covered by SIPRI data. China’s displacement of the
UK is the first change in the composition of the top five exporters in 20
years.
瑞典智库“斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所”（Stockholm International Peace Research
Institute，SIPRI）3月18日发布《2012年国际军火流向趋势》
（Trends in international arms transfers,
2012），其中数据显示，中国已取代英国成为全球第五大常规武器出口国，这是冷战结束后，中国军火工业的重要
里程碑。
SIPRI资料显示，2008年到2012年五年期间，全球五大常规武器国分别是美国（占全球军火出口的30％）、俄罗斯（26％）、德国（7％）、法国（6％）、以及中国
（5％）。英国则是1950年SIPRI开始搜集全球军火流向资料以来，首次掉出前五大排行榜。中国的加入，也是过去20年来全球五大军火出口国名单的首次变动。
新华社引述俄罗斯军工新闻网报导称，2003年到2010年八年间，中国共向39个国家输出各种武器装备，其中13国的军火交易额逾1亿美元（6.21亿元人民币），依销售金
额排名分别是：巴基斯坦（28.24亿美元）、埃及（4.59亿美元）、委内瑞拉（3.45亿美元）、摩洛哥（3.45亿美元）、孟加拉国（2.89亿美元）约旦（2.85亿美元）、
尼日尼亚（2.51亿美元）、辛巴威（2.03亿美元）、阿拉伯联合大公国（2亿美元）、缅甸（2.53亿美元）、泰国（1.17亿美元）和、科威特、马来西亚（1亿美元）。
概观来看，中国自制军火74%销往亚洲与大洋洲，其次是非洲（13%）。巴基斯坦过去5年向中国购买大量军火，包括JF－17枭龙战机、F－22P型护卫舰、红旗－9防空
导弹等防御主力武器，并后续扩大订制中国制战斗机、潜艇以及护卫舰，采购金额应会持续增加。
China becomes world’s fifth largest arms exporter, bypassing Britain in that
ranking Published March 17, 2013
STOCKHOLM – China has bypassed Britain as the world’s fifth largest arms
exporter, a Swedish think-tank said Monday.
The volume of Chinese weapons exports rose by 162 percent in the five years
2008-2012, compared to the previous five-year period,
the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute said in its report.
That means China’s share of all international arms
exports increased to 5 percent from 2 percent, and the country climbed to
fifth from eighth in the rankings.
The largest buyer of Chinese weapons was Pakistan, which accounted for 55
percent of the country’s exports, followed by Myanmar
with 8 percent and Bangladesh with 7 percent, SIPRI said.
“China’s rise has been driven primarily by large-scale arms acquisitions by
Pakistan,” said Paul Holtom, director of the SIPRI
Arms Transfers Programme.
“However, a number of recent deals indicate that China is establishing
itself as
a significant arms supplier to a growing number of important recipient
states.”
Such deals include the sale of three frigates to Algeria, eight transport
aircraft to Venezuela and 54 tanks to Morocco, SIPRI said.
The U.S. remains the world’s top arms exporter during the 2008-2012 period,
with 30 percent of the global volume. Russia is second
with 26 percent, Germany third with 7 percent, and France fourth with 6
percent, SIPRI said.
China’s move into the top-five means Britain (now in sixth place) dropped
off the list of the top five for the first time since at
least 1950, the earliest year covered by SIPRI data.
The institute said Asia dominated the global imports of weapons, with the
top five importers all located in that region.
Here’s SIPRI’s list of the top 5 arms exporters in 2008-2012 (share of
international exports in parenthesis):
1. United States (30 percent).
2. Russia (26).
3. Germany (7).
4. France (6).
5. China (5).
The top 5 arms importers in 2008-2012 (share of international imports in
parenthesis):
1. India (12 percent).
2. China (6).
3. Pakistan (5).
4. South Korea (5).
5. Singapore (4).
虽然,各个国家或机构的排名不一样,但是中国的排名过低,至少要在第三名是比较合适的地方,所以,中国的军工出口有很大的潜力,必须要加快!美国2013年有280亿美元,
中国必须赶上去,只有象一般贸易那样做军工贸易才可以呀!
附1:
2012年全球军火出口合同额排行榜
俄罗斯军工综合体网2013年1月21日消息，据俄罗斯世界军火贸易分析中心统计，按军火出口合同额计算，2012年美国位居世界第一。据初步统计，美国去年签订
的军火出口合同额为189.28亿美元，占全球军火出口合同总额的28.08%。而前三年美国的这两个指标分别为：2009年——231.64亿美元和37.92%，2010
年——
262.63亿美元和51.6%，2011 年——500.71亿美元和65%。最近四年（2009-2012年），美国签订的军火出口合同总额为1184.25亿美元，占全球总额的46.19%。
美国2012年军火出口合同额下降有一系列原因，其中包括中标印度武装直升机和运输直升机的供应合同延迟签订。印度与美国还有一系列2012年敲定的大型合同的
签订时间推迟到了下一年。此外，2012年沙特与美国早些时候宣布的一些大型计划推迟签订合同。美国与其他一些近东国家的计划也是这种情况。
根据初步评估，美国2013年军火出口合同额可能超过创纪录的2011年。
2009-2012年，美国军火出口合同额与实际出口额的比值为正——分别是1184.25亿美元和880.13亿美元（前者比后者高34.55%）。这是所有军火出口国中最高的
指标。
2012年军火出口合同额名列全球第二的是俄罗斯，为181.3亿美元，占全球总额的26.9%。这也是俄罗斯近4年创纪录的指标。2012年的军火出口结果表明，俄罗斯
新签订合同额与实际出口额比值下降的趋势得到扭转，这样目前订单总额稳定在350-400亿美元的水平上。
2009-2012年，俄罗斯签订的军火出口合同总额估计为404.12
亿美元，占全球的15.76%。在很大程度上得益于2012年的出口，俄罗斯2009-2012年的签订合同额
与实际出口额比值为正（前者比后者多14.3%）。
英国位居第三，为64.37亿美元，占全球比重中的9.55%。这也是该国近四年来的最高指标。2009-2012年，英国的军火出口合同总额为114.68亿美元，占全球总
额的4. 47%，名列全球第四。其中，2009
年为32.49亿美元，占全球的5.32%；2010年为7.45亿美元，占全球的1.46%；2011年为10.36亿美元，占全球的1.34%。
2009-2012年，英国签订合同额与实际出口额比值为负，二者分别为114.68亿美元和139.63亿美元（前者比后者少17.9%）。这意味着英国在未来几年是否能保持世
界五大军火出口国之一的位置是成问题的。
2012年军火出口额位居第四到第十的国家依次是：德国（2009-2012年位居第六）、以色列（2009-2012年位居第五）、意大利（2009-2012年位居第七）、
法国（2009-2012年位居第三）、瑞士（2009-2012年位居第十二）、瑞典（2009-2012年位居第九）、西班牙（2009-2012年位居第八）。
除上述国家外，值得一提还有中国，2012年其军火出口合同额名列全球第十三（2009-2012年位居第十）。
前十大军火出口国中，只有美国和俄罗斯2009-2012年的合同额与实际出口额的比值为正。以色列、意大利和法国的合同额与实际出口额基本相当，也就是说，
截至2012年底，这三个国家的订单总额保持了2009年初的水平。
英国、西班牙、德国、中国和瑞典的合同额则分别比实际出口额下降了17.9%、26.75%、33.25%、39%和41.9%，也就是说，与2009年初相比，这些国家2012年底
的订单总额大幅度减少。
十大军火出口国2012年签订军火出口合同总额为608.7亿美元，占全球的90.31%。十大军火出口国2009-2012年合同总额为2300.98亿美元，占全球的89.74%。
按军火出口合同额计算，2012年排名第十一至第二十的国家依次是：韩国、新加坡、中国、南非、澳大利亚、巴西、乌克兰、印度、挪威、土耳其。这十个国家的
合同总额为538.5亿美元，占全球的8%。
而近四年（2009-2012年）军火合同额排名第十一至第二十的国家依次是：乌克兰（30.31亿美元）、瑞士（29.74亿美元）、韩国（29.45亿美元）、挪威
（26.68亿美元）、澳大利亚（25.1亿美元）、土耳其（22.8亿美元）、南非（16.13亿美元）、荷兰（13.94亿美元）、加拿大（11.38亿美元）和巴西（10.26
亿美元）。这十个国家的合同总额为2157.9亿美元，占全球的8.4%。
附2:Top 10 Largest Arms Exporting Countries in 2013
10. Sweden
The 10th position on our list of top 10 largest arms exporting countries in
2013 is secured by Sweden. Although Sweden is regarded as one
of the strongest military forces of the world, yet its industry of arms
production is very strong which helps the country to earn
great reserves from the exports if arms.
9. Netherlands
The state of Netherlands has made great development in the production of
arms which are sold out to many countries including Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia, Australia, Egypt and many more. It’s range of arms is
limited but it produces in a large quantity.
8. Turkey
Turkey, one of the strong aspirants of membership of European Union, is also
indulged in the global arms trade. The year 2012
witnessed great development in this field, which helped Turkey to enjoy the
greater share in the global market of arms and weapons.
7. China
The emerging global power, China, is also witnessing great development in
the field of weapons and arms. However, the Chinese
leadership usually attaches more importance to other fields of economy and
do not directly indulge in any armed conflicts.
Still China, being a great economic and military power, enjoys a
considerable share in the global arms trade.
6. Israel
Israel has witnessed great development in the field of arms exports in
recent years. The total number of arms exports of Israel has
risen significantly since the last year. Now, with the total exports of
worth $2.4 billion, Israel has assumed the 6th position on
our list of top 10 largest arms exporting countries in 2013.
5. Germany
Germany also has a very strong association with war related issues since
long. It also fought the two world wars, against the allied
powers. It is seen that the German political as well military leadership
attach great importance to the arms and weapons. With
current
total exports of worth $3 billion.
4. United Kingdom
United Kingdom, being one of the mightiest colonial powers of the past, has
a strong relationship with the global arms trade since
long times. In the modern times, United Kingdom also has played a key role
in arms related issues. It has directly fought 2 world wars
and has been a center of many military conflicts as well. The position of UK
in global arms trade is very significant at the global
level. Because of its exports of worth more than $4
billion.
3. France
France, one of the major powers of Europe, enjoys the 3rd position on our
list of top 10 largest exporting countries in 2013. It is
interesting to note that France is also one of the largest exporters of
nuclear related technologies all around the globe. According
to a recent report, the total exports of France in the field of arms and
weapons are exceeding more than $4.5 billion.
2. Russia
Russia, former USSR, follows USA in the list of top 10 largest arms
exporters in 2013 and secures the 2nd position on the list. The
most famous weapons produced by Russia include the machine guns and other
types of assault rifles. It is estimated that the total exports
of arms done by Russia mount up to $10 billion.
So, there still is a huge gap between the number 1 and number 2 largest
exporters of arms.
1. United States of America
In this unipolar world order, the super power USA is the largest exporter of
arms in the entire world. It is estimated that the total
exports of United States of America in arms exceed
up to $28 billion. The weaponry industry of USA is so strong that it
has its own
vested interests all around the globe, which compel it to remain indulged in
arms trade at all levels. However, there is a
great irony in the fact that America being the greatest propagator of
non-proliferation and no arms race notions, itself is indulged
in greater global arms trade.
作者:大卫 |
